Bridelia retusa

Bridelia retusa, commonly known as Velan, Kudumaram or Goraka-kenda in some South Asian regions, is a medium-sized deciduous tree widely found in India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. It thrives in dry mixed evergreen forests and scrublands, often recognized by its rough grey bark and dense crown of oval, leathery leaves. The tree bears small greenish-yellow flowers, followed by purplish-black berries that attract birds and wildlife.

In traditional Ayurvedic and folk medicine, Bridelia retusa holds valued therapeutic uses. The bark, leaves, and roots are used for their anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antimicrobial properties. Decoctions prepared from different parts of the plant are used to treat ailments such as diarrhea, skin infections, joint pain, and digestive issues. Its bark is particularly noted for its tannin content, making it useful in local tanning and dyeing industries.

Ecologically, the tree plays an important role in dry-zone forest ecosystems. It provides food and habitat for insects, birds, and small mammals. Its strong wood is also used locally for fencing, agricultural tools, and small construction needs. Hardy and adaptable, Bridelia retusa is often used in reforestation efforts and as a soil-binding species to prevent erosion.

Bridelia retusa is part of the catalog of ayurvedic medicinal plants of Sri Lanka.